KCSE 2025 SUPER PREDICTION 1

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Fathers of Nations essays and answers

1. Seeking revenge results in more pain. Using illustrations from Fathers of Nations, write an essay to support this statement.    ( 20 marks )

Introduction.
Sometimes we suffer at the hands of others. Usually, we feel the urge to get even or to retaliate. However, seeking vengeance leaves one with more pain or anguish. This is evident from the novel Fathers of Nations in characters such as; Professor Kimani Karanja, Seif Tahir and Comrade Melusi.

Body
Professor Karanja runs off with a randy member of Parliament, he seeks vengeance but ends up in more anguish.

Seeking more harm may cause more harm than good and pepper salt on a wound.
Engineer Tahir feels rejected by a junior female colleague, he is infuriated and decides to retaliate. Does this vengeance buy him Peace? No he becomes even more restless.

Indeed revenge only causes more pain than relief. Comrade Melusi  tries  to attack Zimbabwe’s president in a bid to avenge his wife Ziliza but ends up with an egg on his face when he is seized and thrown away by security guards.

Revenge can indeed be an effort in futility that aggravates rather than alleviates the victims pain.When the new Shona ruler fires the leader of Melusi’s group his Ndebele tribesmen retaliate but this results in more pain . In a bid to retain power , the new ruler decides to strengthen his supporters and weaken his opponents by sacking the ruler of Melusi’s group.

Conclusion
It is true that whatever Will be will be , the future is not for us to see, but when we force to see by seeking vengeance , it brings more pain , hurt , sorrow and fear amongst people in the society as evident in the Fathers of Nations.

2. Closely referring to Professor Kimani in Fathers of Nations, write an essay to show how one problem can lead to another . (20marks)

Sometimes we find ourselves in certain problems.  It is possible that one problem can lead to another one.  In Fathers of Nations, Professor Kimani is faced with a series of problems that seem to result from one another.

The problem of global recession means low wages for professors like Karanja Kimani. The changes proposed by the donors come with tough consequences. They catalyse excesses. Members of parliament who earned less than professors when Kimani started working now rack up a hundred times more than professors do. While professors’ salaries are taxable, MPs exempt themselves from paying taxes. Kimani tells his daughter about this while spending time with her in a low-end restaurant. Kimani can only afford an old Toyota unlike members of parliament like Walomu who own up to four vehicles. Kimani gets pressure from his wife who compels him to quit teaching and seek greener pastures. Indeed, one problem can lead to another.

Professor Kimani’s financial woes contribute to the death of his daughter Tuni. Tuni wants to borrow her father’s car which his wife Asiya refers to as a dying old Toyota. The request makes Kimani wince. It is like dirt that an enemy had shot into his face to mock him. He is forced to tell her the truth after unsuccessfully fumbling for an excuse. The car is down again. He hopes to fix it when he gets his next salary. His wife initially saw him like a young man going places but now, like his car, he is an old man going nowhere. She even suggests that he goes for greener pastures like Newborn who owns four cars. When Tuni uses a public minivan instead, she is involved in a tragic crash that claims her life. For six months, the parents are inconsolable. Asiya blames Kimani saying Tuni would be alive if he had a real car. Truly, one problem can lead to another.

Following Tuni’s death, the strain in the relationship between Asiya and Kimani is compounded further. After Tuni’s death, the parents are inconsolable for six months. After grieving the death of her daughter, the dejection shifts to her husband. Asiya suddenly loathes him. When he tries to touch her, she jumps back and shrinks away. He is forced to keep out of her way. Their communication is reduced to wordless nods and wordless smiles. All along, she remains gloomy. She moans until one evening when she drops the bombshell. She was leaving professor Kimani. Surely, one problem can result in another.

Professor Kimani’s financial woes and his daughter’s death result in the separation between him and his wife. His wife of over 30 years, Asiya Omondi, deserts him barely six months after the untimely death of their daughter Tuni. Asiya did not want to live with him anymore. Newborn Walomu had asked to marry her. Asiya had earlier opened some wounds when she suggested that Kimani quits teaching and seeks greener pastures. She peppers the wound by comparing him to Newborn who owns four cars. Newborn was a rowdy fellow and Kimani’s former junior colleague at the university. Kimani asks if Asiya was marrying Newborn for his money. It was not a guarantee of happiness, he says. Asiya mocks him about not having any money. His efforts to convince his 60-year-old wife to stay with him is futile. She leaves the next morning.

Even after taking his wife, Newborn adds insult to injury when he mocks professor Kimani. Professor Kimani considers Newborn an archenemy. He calls him a greedy fat baboon. Kimani confronts him for stealing his wife. He wonders what good she is to him but feels the question degrades both he and Asiya. Newborn victoriously rocks in his chair. He mocks Kimani when he gives him spouse stealing statistics citing a Texas professor who said that 17% of Americans, 30% of Britons and 40% of Greeks are spouse stealers. He says that although Asiya is old, old is gold. Unable to tolerate the derision, Kimani takes three swings at Newborn, misses each time, loses balance and falls. The two angry men are arrested after the clumsy scuffle. For Kimani, one problem surely leads to another.

Newborn makes fun of professor Kimani after stealing his wife and the ensuing scuffle leads to Kimani’s arrest. After Asiya leaves him for Newborn, Kimani confronts him. He insults him calling him a fat baboon and inquires why he stole his wife. Newborn casually mocks his former colleague. The professor decides to fight him but the physical altercation only results in his arrest. He is charged with assaulting a member of parliament. He serves six months and leaves prison utterly dejected.

Following his arrest, Professor Kimani is demoted from his current rank as professor back to his starting rank as senior lecturer. This comes after a scuffle with Newborn. Kimani is charged with assaulting a member of parliament. Newborn Walomu was Kimani’s junior colleague at the university. He marries Kimani’s wife Asiya. When he confronts and fights him, he is demoted as due punishment for disgracing the university in the eye of the public. Kimani had joined the university of Nairobi as a senior lecturer in the Institute of Development Studies after completing his studies at the University of Oxford. He successfully advocates for a number of ‘radical’ changes. He later marries a campus beauty Asiya Omondi and is promoted to rank of professor. All this happiness comes crashing down when Asiya is stolen by Newborn, Kimani is arrested and demoted. His career is doomed beyond revival. Going against his vow, he thinks of quitting teaching once and for all.

In conclusion, when it rains it pours. Sometimes one problem ends up creating another one.

3. Citizens in a country with failed leadership face many problems. With reference to Zimbabwe in Paul B Vitta’s  Fathers of Nations, write an essay in support of this statement.(20 marks)

A country that has bad leadership is riddled with a myriad of problems. Citizens living in such countries bear the brunt of the failed leadership. Melusi and others live in agony because of the bad leadership in Zimbabwe.

Citizens living in a country with failed leadership are poor. At 1:30 p.m., Chaminuka Restaurants is empty. It only has two customers Melusi and Longway. People do not eat out anymore unless a foreigner is footing the bill. The empty restaurant has a mournful look of a funeral parlour. This is because the economy had crashed so people had no money. Melusi looks darker than usual because of hunger. After polishing off his chicken, he also eats Longway’s rejected meal of steak and mashed potato. Zimbabwe’s leader had bombed the economy back to the stone age. Melusi is forced to relocate from the suburbs to the slums because he cannot afford rent anymore. Most of the urban poor live in the slums. They do not support the current leadership. They support the opposition. The failed leadership is responsible for the poverty in Zimbabwe.

Negative ethnicity in Zimbabwe is a result of failed leadership. The largest ethnic group is Shona and the other is Ndebele. The national anthem is translated into the two languages. Longway is shocked to learn that the new ruler refused to appoint Melusi minister merely on ethnic grounds. The leader is Shona while Melusi is Ndebele. The ruler also fires the leader of Melusi’s group because of tribalism. A cache of weapons materialised at his home and he was accused of allegedly plotting a coup. The Ndebele protest against the dismissal of their leader. Anti-government unrest erupts in the southern part of Zimbabwe. They attack government supporters. The government retaliates by sending their Gukurahundi – a Shona word for first rainstorm – to wash off the Ndebele insurgents. Although they fought a common enemy together, the leader who is Shona now regards the Ndebele as rivals to be eliminated. Only fellow Shona could be trusted. Tribalism is as a result of failed leadership in Zimbabwe.

During the retaliation against the anti-government protests, the government kills many people. The Ndebele insurgency against the government attracts retribution from the Shona government. Their leader had been humiliated after an unceremonious dismissal from government. They go on a rampage attacking government supporters. The Gukurahundi attack and kill their the Ndebele in retaliation. Melusi is teary when he recounts how his wife was murdered by the fifth brigade. She was strangled and splayed on the kitchen floor as if to taunt him. After desperately looking for her everywhere he found her dead, her eyes bulging. He cries a lot and dissolves in tears recounting this sad story. The failed leadership is responsible for the murder of innocent civilians.

Although Zimbabwe was doing badly and everything spelled the ruler’s defeat in the elections, he still won by ninety-nine percent of the votes because he rigged the results. Melusi formed the New Independence Party – NIP, ran for presidency and still failed. The transition government was to aid a peaceful passage to an elected government. The economy crashed under the leader’s watch. The disjointed opposition was no match for the bomber. The election was a sham and he had a landslide victory. This resulted in disaffection. Failed leadership results in election malpractices and needless to say, the citizens suffer.

The urban poor are evicted from their homes in the slums because of supporting the opposition. The government uses Murambatsivina –  a Shona word for expelling the trash to tear down houses of the slum dwellers and evict the residents. Melusi and others are forcefully evicted without prior warning or alternative accommodation. The leadership did not care if they lived or died. The bomber claimed the aim of the eviction was to prevent diseases and curb crime but in real sense it was to punish the poor who supported the opposition. Longway acknowledges that Melusi went through hell. Melusi says Murambatsvina chewed him up and spit him out. Failed leadership is intolerant and inconsiderate to those who do not support it.

Businesses were doing badly because of inflation. The inflation was eroding incomes faster than they could grow. Melusi and other people had no money. He is forced to move from a clean suburb and relocate to a slum in a poor part of Harare. He smiles but his eyes betray the sorrow in his soul.

In conclusions, citizens suffer innumerable problems as a result of poor leadership in their countries.

4. Irresponsible decisions can lead to undesired consequences. Write an essay to show the relevance of this statement basing your illustrations on Paul B. Vitta’s Fathers of Nations.

Introduction
When people make bad choices in life they likely to suffer some painful results. Various characters in the text make bad choices and they experience painful results.
Professor Kimani Karanja P 32-38

Topic Sentence: Professor Kimani Karanja makes the irresponsible decision of Confronting Newborn Walomu in his office.
Illustration: The death of Tuni in a grissly road accident makes worse the already fragile relationship between Kimani and his wife Siya. Siya blames Kimani for the tragic and untimely death of their only daughter. Tired of her husband’s lack of ambition, she leaves him for Newborn Walomu, a Member of Parliament. Kimani is already infuriated by the rapid climb of a fellow who was his junior by far at the university through unorthodox means. Therefore when Asiyo leaves him for Newborn Walomu Kimani cannot take it. He storms Walomu’s demanding to know why he stole his wife. Expectedly Walomu humiliates him by making fun about him. Thoroughly provoked he attacks Walomu throwing several fists before he misses and falls down. Newborn Walomu pounces on him saying “Now you die Karanja’. The two bull elephants are separated by police officers. Kimani is then charged with assaulting a Member of Parliament. His university also demotes him from his current rank as  full professor back to his starting rank as senior lecturer claiming that he had disgraced it. On top of that he is jailed for six  months.
Dr. Abiola Afolabi P 75-81

Topic Sentence: Dr. Afolabi makes the irresponsible decision of allowing his cousin Femi and a girl he had come with from the village to stay to spend the night at his house against his wife’s wish.
Illustration:
Comrade Ngobile Melusi P103-
Topic Sentence: Comrade Ngobile Melusi makes the irresponsible decision of attacking the Zimbabwean president at the Summit hence being arrested and losing an opportunity to have a bigger impact at the summit.
Illustration: Pastor Chineke Chiamaka P114-116

Topic Sentence: Pastor Chineke Chiamaka makes the irresponsible decision of criticizing the president in his sermon and he finds himself in problems.
Illustration: Engineer Seif Tahir P118-121

Topic Sentence: Engineer Seif Tahir makes the irresponsible decision of slapping Rahma for shedding her veil in public and ends up with very painful results.
Illustration: After the leader dismantling the Fist of Allah, the sycophantic Tahir turns into a fierce critic of the government. He is annoyed with the leader for taking this cowardly step. He is irritable even at his place of work. Tahir falls in love with a female colleague Rahma Mahmoud, his junior a million miles. He asks her out on a date one evening. He wants them to go on a tomato soup date. He suggests the following Saturday but Rahma rejects it. Tahir considers this a slap in the face; a rebuff dealt to hurt him and storms back to his office in a fit of rage. He believes Rahma said no in order to put him down. He feels so humiliated by a woman who, for all her smiles, was his junior by many miles and vows to retaliate. The following morning, Rahma was removing her head veil readying for laboratory work that it would have impeded when Tahir goes and slaps her. He supposedly does this in order to administer discipline on a female subordinate for shedding her veil in public in violation of Libyan culture

5. “Desperate times call for desperate measures.” Illustrate this assertion by referring to Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta. (20mks)

Introduction
When one is faced with difficulties, he or she try all means possible to get out of the situation. Many characters in the book have undergone harrowing experiences and this has pushed them to go to great lengths for they have lost hope in their leaders.

Di Prof. Kimani
Prof. Kimani loses his daughter, Tuni in a road accident. He also loses his wife Asiya to his former colleague at the university who has become a Member of Parliament, Newborn Walomu. This loss of wife brings about a fight between him and Newborn. The fight earns an arrest and charges of assault pressed on him. He is jailed for six months and thereafter demoted to being a senior lecturer position he began at when he joined the University of Nairobi. Later he meets Tad Longway, Director of Special Projects at the agency for Governance and Development in Africa. Who is based in Cape Town and though with a Brit accent, he assures Kimani that he is an African from South Africa. Tad wants to see an end to diseases, corruption, poverty, impunity and ignorance. He’s a man ready to take up Path Alpha strategy to at least breath a sigh of relief from the normal order of the day. All these accumulate to a dejected man which brings a lot of psychological and emotional suffering. He is a disturbed man. He opts to join Path Alpha, which he readily accepts for he finds solace in the whole thing. Furthermore, he advocates for the document for he believes it has the interests of the people at heart and boldly supports at the summit.
Dii Comrade Ngobile Melusi
Comrade Ngobile Melusi is a shell of himself. He was in the forefront alongside the current leader in driving the white men out of the country. When his country gains self-independence, his hopes are ironically crashed by the very people he has helped get into power. He is not appointed a minister in the new dispensation. His tribe, the Ndebele, becomes a target community for harassment; first, its leader is not considered in the new-formed cabinet/ government. Further, when the Ndebele people demonstrate in what they viewed as seclusion, the government sends police officers to whip the demonstrators. Unfortunately, in the brutal attacks, Comrade Melusi loses his wife, Ziliza. His business goes under, necessitating his relocation to slums, which again are brought down by bulldozers sent by the government, in the guise of creating room for infrastructure. Indeed, he has lost hope in anything done by the current regime and so when the new idea of Path Alpha comes up, he readily joins in. He believes that the new strategy is what is best for the Zimbabwean people, who languish in poverty, poor leadership and are judged based on their tribe.
Diii Pastor Chiamaka
Pastor Chiamaka, on the other hand, epitomizes despair and loss of hope. He was a reckless driver. He gets involved in an accident that miraculously turns around his life to become a pastor. In his second sermon, he attacks the powers that be. He is arrested and only released and banned from preaching, something he feels is not right. With these challenges, Pastor Chiamaka desperately accepts to join Path Alpha. In this new strategy, lies hope for the church and the Africans as a whole.
Div Engineer Seif Tahir
Engineer Seif Tahir, after completing his studies overseas and coming back home, is quite optimistic. He is in cahoots with the Libyan leader and fully supports “Fist of Allah,” a group supported and funded by the ruler. Suddenly, the ruler abandons “Fist of Allah.” In his quest to propose to Rahmah Mahmoud, his junior at the weapons laboratory, he loses his eye, so does Rahmah Mahmoud. Engineer Tahir feels dejected, and to cover and run away from this despair, he leaves Tripoli for Benghazi where he leads a lonely life. With this desperation in sight, he falls prey of the new strategy, Path Alpha and readily accepts it, for in it he sees some hope and solace.

Conclusion
In summary, desperation can motivate people to fight for change.

6. Women are faced by endless difficulties in the society. Basing your arguments in the happenings in the text Fathers of Nations by Paul B Vitta write an essay to support this assertion.

Introduction

Women are always on the receiving end especially when they live in a society that disregards their rights and treats them as subordinate beings. The writer has waded through myriad challenges that women go through in the text.

Body

Women face violence. In a family dialogue between Prof Karanja Kimani, Asiya and their daughter Tuni, issues of violence on women are revealed. When Tuni tells them that she attended a safety seminar, Professor Kimani scorns at the action claiming that it is the duty of the government to provide safety for them. He remains hesitant when Tuni asks him what would become of women when the government fails to provide safety. Tuni claims that two-thirds of women in the country face issues to do with male violence. She attributes this to lack of awareness among women, looking weak and helpless and also being tempted to go astray. (Page 27). She adds that part of the training they get in the seminar is that they should not walk into bad neighbourhoods, in alleys alone, take stairs or even be in an elevator alone. This is a clear illustration that women are vulnerable and easy victims of many forms of violence.

Ms Mackenzie also experiences assault by the Liberian Mauler at the hotels’ reception. While waiting for Dr. Afolabi to come down to the reception, a man approaches her and christens her Joy. He hoists her and starts making towards the elevators. She screams and tries to free herself from the man by kicking her legs wildly in vain. She tries to claw him with her fingernails, but the man ducks. She screams and cries for help. (Page 58-59). Dr. Afolabi comes down from his room but cannot find her at the reception. He is drawn by the screams of a lady. He later realizes it is her. He confronts the man and a fight ensues. Dr Afolabi kicks the man at the groin. The man keels over and does not rise again. (Page 60). Ms Mackenzie is left in a state of disarray. Her hair stuck out from her head in tufts. Dr. Afolabis also left injured. The insecurities that women face in this society is simply baffling. She could have been sexually assaulted by the Liberian Mauler were it not for Dr. Afolabi. This is enough justification that women are victims of violence in the text.


Dr. Afolabi’s wife Pamela faces marital conflict as a result of her childless state. Pamela is Dr, Afolabi’s American wife. Dr. Afolabi has wished to have two children of sweetened complexion; amber and the colour of honey. However, his wife Pamela wants two adopted children. She says Africa has so many children and they can get theirs from the pool that is available. (Page 70). This creates an impasse between them. They end up not having children of their own nor adopted ones. This forces Dr. Afolabi’s family to plant a girl in his house ostensibly to sire children for him. His cousin Femi, brings Nimbo into his house while they are away in Washington. When they arrive, they are astounded to find her in their matrimonial bed. Femi reasons that the girl is there because his wife cannot bear children. Dr Afolabi defends Pamela by saying it is their collective decision not to have children. She later chases Nimbo with a broomstick. As a result of this disrespect, Pamela walks out of her marriage. She goes back to Boston and files for a divorce. (Page 81). It is her childless state that prompts Dr. Afolabi’s family to disrespect her. That bold move of taking another woman right into her matrimonial bed is the height of contempt towards Pamela. This clearly depicts the challenges childless women go through in marriage.

Ms. Mahamoud is physically assaulted for rejecting engineer Seif Tahir. Engineer Seif Tahir falls in love with a female worker. Ms. Rahmak Mahmoud. He tries to ask her out one of the Saturdays for a tomato soup but she turns down the offer. She does this because she wants to pass for a decent Libyan woman. She feigns disinterest in him which hurts him very much. He cannot stand the fact that a junior co-worker can turn down his offer. He retaliates by slapping her when she is covering her head veil during Libya’s Heritage Week. He does not do this to administer punishment but rather to revenge. She slaps him back involuntarily and slits at open his left eye, (Page. 122). He unfortunately loses his left eye. In Hammurabic verdict, her left eye is also taken out. The way Seif Tahir behaves towards Ms Mahmoud shows the sense of entitlement that men in that society have over their women. Seif Tahir easily feels emasculated when Ms Mahmoud turns down his advances and opts for revenge. This incident although accidental, shows the kind of tribulations women go through in the society in the hands of men.


Conclusion

It is indeed true that women undergo a myriad of difficulties as shown above. The society should endeavour to protect women from vile men in the society.

7. Individuals’ tribulations in a country are usually caused by inept leadership. With clear illustrations from Paul B. Vitta’s Fathers of Nations, write a composition to validate this statement.

Introduction
In Paul B. Vitta’s Fathers of Nations, people undergo suffering in a country that is occasioned by those who have been entrusted with leadership. The Zimbabwean President, the presidents at the summit and the parliamentarians are perpetrators of people’s pain through betrayal, hypocrisy among others.

Content
•  Zimbabwean President makes Comrade Melusi and the Ndebele people suffer loss and displacement. The president throws Comrade Melusi out of his political cocoon because of tribalism. He fails to appoint him Minister and even fires the leader of Melusi’s group. Comrade Melusi was once the President’s comrade- in- arms during the struggle for independence.  The president runs down the economy further making people undergo a lot of pain. In addition, the president betrays the citizens through ethnic cleansing in the guise of slum clearance exercise. This was a retaliatory exercise by the president aimed at punishing the urban poor for supporting the opposition parties during the elections that were manipulated in favour of the incumbent. The fifth brigade was sent to deal with protesters mercilessly which leaves Comrade Melusi a widower and traumatized. Through discriminative application of the law by the ‘Bomber’  Zimbabweans undergo real suffering.
( p. 82 – 99)


• The Gambian government causes pain to its citizens during the heads of state summit. The livelihood of whole families is jeopardized when bulldozers are dispatched at night to bring down road side kiosks in a slum- clearance exercise which was meant to give some streets a semblance of once having sidewalks. In addition, roads are given rare layers of tarmac at times of maximum traffic hurting motorists most. Checkpoints are elected everywhere a ground for guards to extort bribes from passers – by further causing pain to the citizens. Basic commodities become rare. Water taps where whole neighbourhood queue to get water run dry. All this is done in the pretext of mesmerizing the visiting heads of states. ( p. 11 )

• Pastor Chiamaka tastes the wrath of the cold cells when he dares to publicly criticize the citations of his president. Pastor Chineke Chiamaka criticizes the president for writing a memo about an on – going problem instead of providing a solution. The memo had advised the government officers to treat the recent events with caution instead of taking action where citizens were affected by riots that brought havoc to a region of the land. Fights have broken out in three cities already and a government is expected to bring  a stop to these fires. He expects the president to take charge and protect his country. This leads to his incarceration for two weeks sharing a rat – infested cell with smelly inmates. The leadership tries to curtail freedom of expression by banning Pastor Chiamaka from preaching. P.114,115,116

• The suffering that plagues citizens is necessitated by elected leaders. Professor Kimani Karanja in a conversation with the daughter, Tuni, paint the parliamentarians as leaders who are selfish to the core. They are also heartless as they institute financial challenges to their own benefit. The parliamentarians use parliament to raise their salaries at the citizens’ expense. The lawmakers do things with a lot of impunity and Professor Kimani likens it to staging a coup against the people. The MPs legislate the laws to break the law. This has left professionals like Professor Kimani disillusioned and financially constrained hence they cannot meet their financial obligations. P. 23 – 25, 29

• The 49 presidents at the Banjul Summit end up bickering over unimportant things and proposing petty issues instead of putting the citizen’s interest at heart. The leaders fail t follow summit rules and regulations and end up consuming valuable time bickering pettily. They deviate from the real reason that made them assemble here for the Summit. Instead of adopting Way Omega , developed by Nobel laureates, as a common strategy for all Africa, they later fall for another strategy which was to water down this document. They are the beneficiaries of military coups, rigged elections and foul plays that Way Omega document advocates against. At the end of the Summit, nothing substantial is agreed upon that can alleviate the citizens’ suffering at the hands of these leaders. (p 7, 8, 9, 39, 40, 41, 150, – 156, 159)

• Citizens living in a country  with failed leadership are poor. At 1:30 p.m., Chimanuka Restaurant is empty. It only has two customers Melusi and Longway. People do not eat out anymore unless a foreigner is footing the bill. The empty restaurant has a mournful look of a funeral parlour. This is because the economy had crashed so people had no money. Melusi looks darker than usual because of hunger. After polishing off his chicken, he also eats Longway’s rejected meal of steak and mashed potato. Zimbabwe’s leader had bombed the economy back to stone age. Melusi is forced to relocate from the suburbs to the slums because he cannot afford rent anymore. Most of the urban poor live in the slums. They do not support the current leadership and support the opposition. The failed leadership is responsible for the poverty in Zimbabwe.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our leaders unapologetically sometimes ruin our lives by ineptitude. It is therefore important to go for leaders who have the citizens’ interest at heart.

8.  The irresponsible decisions that people make in life have consequences. Drawing illustrations from the novel Fathers of Nations show how valid this assertion is.

Introduction
Wrong decisions that we take will lead to suffering to ourselves or other people. Professor in the novel fathers of Nations, some characters make wrong decisions and end up causing suffering as illustrated below.
Ii Kimani Karanja 
Professor Kimani decides to confront Newborn Walomu for stealing Asiya and this causes him pain and suffering. Asiya leaves Kimani and gets married to newborn Walomu. She blames prof Kimani for their daughter’s death.  She also leaves him since he is no longer the ambitious man he was. She tells Kimani that Newborn asked her to marry him. Asiya leaves the marriage and goes to Walomu. This is despite knowing that Walomu already had three wives and there was no certainty that he would marry her anyway. (p36). This angers Kimani since he had tried to plead with her to stay. He becomes bitter and storms into Walomu’s office. He calls him a fat baboon and asks him why he has stolen his wife yet she is old. Walomu arrogantly tells him old is gold and for stealing a professor in Texas said many people are spouse stealers. He even justifies it by saying thirty percent of the British are spouse stealers and also Americans and greeds. This angers Kimani and a flight ensues. He tries to throw a fist but misses leading to a scuffle. As a result, it causes misery to Kimani he was arrested and charged with assaulting an MP moreover, he is demoted from a full professor back to a senior lecturer. He was also jailed for six months. His career was doomed beyond revival.
Iii Asiya greed
Asiva’s made  an irresponsible choice of leaving her marriage leading to a separation. Asiya is a materialistic woman. He fell in love with Kimani’s ambitious nature. She had seen a man going places but now she sees an old man going nowhere. She despises Kimani since he cannot repair their old Toyota car. She refers to it as an old dying Toyota and it had become a metaphor of him. She even advises Karanja to leave the university and go to greener pastures like Newborn Walomu who had left the university and he is now MP with four cars. Moreover, when Tuni dies she blames Kimani for her death. She says if Kimani had a real car Tuni would still be alive. Tunis death and her materialistic nature make her to make a bad decision, she accepts to get married to Newborn Walomu and leaves Kimani. This causes their family to disintegrate. Kimani also becomes bitter and confronts the MP leading to a flight. He is jailed for six months and demoted from a professor to a senior lecturer. Bad choices affect our family.
Iiii Engineer Tahir’s retaliation Pg. 32- 33 34 – 38.
Engineer Tahir makes a wrong choice to retaliate on Rahma due to bitterness and he suffers. Tahir is a bitter man in life, he gets attracted to Rahma Mahmoud. He falls in love with Rahma and asks her to go out on a date for a bowl of Tomato soup but Rahma smiles and later declines that date. This made him bitter. He could have endured any indignity but not rejection by a junior colleague. Rahma intention was not to reject his offer but she didn’t want to appear too enthusiastic for a date. However, Tahir bitterness makes him to misinterpret a sweet no as a sour no, he reacts to it violently convinced it was a rebuff deal to hurt him. He storms back to his office in a fit or range believing ms Mahmoud had said no to put him down. He felt humiliated by his junior and made a wrong choice to retaliate. He retaliates by slapping Rahma on the face citing that she removed her veil during the Libya heritage week. He slapped her to administer discipline on her for shedding the veil in public thus violating the Libyan culture. This was wrong, he did it to revenge Rahma for rejecting his advances. As a result he suffers, Rahma reacted by slitting his left eye using a letter opener. He loses his eye and this affects him physically and psychologically,


Iiv Rahma’s Wrong decision
Pg. 120- 123.
Rahma makes a wrong decision to slit Tahir eye out of anger and this caused her misery.
Engineer Tahir slaps Rahma for rejecting his advances, howe ver he pretends that Rahma Mahmoud shed her veil during the Libyan heritage week and he slaps her to administer discipline on her for shedding a veil in public which is a violation of the Libyan culture. Rahma did not take it lightly. She struck back out of anger. She made an illegal choice to hit back. She hit back by reflex instead of composing herself and think of the consequences of her actions. She took a letter opener that was sharp and slit Engineers Tahir left eye open. This caused Tahir to take her to Court and he said he slapped her to stop him from imitating Americans culture by shedding the veil. He said he hit her because she defied Libya. Despite Rahma pleading innocence citing self-defense on provocation. The court returned a Hammurabic verdict an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Rahmas left eye was removed through surgery. Indeed, she suffers by losing her eye.
Pg. 120-123
Iv Comrade Melusis anger
Comrade Melusis bitterness made him to plan revenge on his president and he is thrown out of the summit The Zimbabwean leader declared war on the Ndebele after the Ndebele caused an antigovernment unrest since their man, the commander was humiliated by being removed from power. The president revenged on them by declaring the Gukurahundi. He sent soldier to kill the Ndebele like chaff in the field. Ziliza, comrade Melusis wife was strangled by the Gukurahundi and her body splayed on the kitchen floor. This caused bitterness to Melusi. He looks at Zilizas photograph and mourns, he vows that the man responsible for her death must himself die, he promises Ziliza that he would avenge her death and swore an oath to revenge. This bitterness made him to make an irrational choice, when Afolabi calls him to make a short speech, he decided to charge towards the Zimbabwean ruler with intention of avenging his wife Ziliza but he did not make it, the guards seize him by collar and whisks him away. He suffers because he is thrown out of the summit and misses the debate.
Ivi  The Bomber
Pg. 90,91,144.156,
The Zimbabwean rulers anger towards the Ndebele made him to make a wrong decision of killing them and people suffered. The Zimbabwean ruler being tribalist, dismissed the commander who was a Ndebele, he sent someone to plant a cache of firearms in his house and accuses him s him of plotting a coup. His dismissed angered the Ndebele. An antigovernment unrest erupted in Southern Zimbabwe, the Ndebele went on rampage and attacked every government supporter. This made president angry. He declared The Gukurahundi on them. They killed the Ndebele like wheat chaff. Ziliza,is killed and her body is splayed on the kitchen floor. He also decides to declare Murambatsivina war on the Ndebele who did not vote for him. They were evicted from their homes without warning. This caused suffering to the Ndebele. Diseases and crime increased. Melusi suffered. Melusi said Murambatsivina chewed him and spat him out. His house was also destroyed.
Pg. 90-92,97-98.
Ivii Pastor Chiamaka p105-108
Chiamaka decides to find thrill in breaking the traffic rules while driving up and down the streets of Lagos.  He liked the traffic jams and the detonations of human temper that were Lagos. By complicating the physics of driving, they heightened the thrill for him. He beeped his horn as his car came tearing down crowded streets and laughed as terrified pedestrians fled out of his path. When taking his younger brother Obinna to University of Lagos one evening, Obinna says that he is late, to which Chiamaka remarks, ‘Did I hear someone say late? What does that word even mean? Watch this!’ when driving back, he chose to drive along Highway 69-nicknamed God’s Highway. It was Friday and the highway was chocked with traffic. It was chocked with born again Lagosians driving out of lagos. The opposite lane of cours had sparse traffic. Chiamaka crossed over to the lanes going to Lagos but continued to drive in the wrong direction. And whenever motorists in the right lane came forth, he wouldn’t be the first to blink, making them either brake to a halt or swerve to let him pass. It was dangerous but he didn’t care, until a mean machine that woukld not tolerate such blatant outrage as Chiamaka was asking to tolerate came by. The fire engine hit him, causing his Mercedes fly off the road and spin in the air several times before landing on the road again. It was mangled out of shape.it was only a miracle that he escaped without serious injuries.
Iviii The Gambian Government p11-12
The Gambian government, the host, decides to divert basic services from his people to the Seamount Hotel for the visiting heads of state. Before they arrive, roadside kiosks on which whole families depended for their livelihood are demolished by bulldozers dispatched at night in slum-clearance exercises. Checkpoints sprout everywhere and guards get even more bases for extorting bribes from passersby. Water taps at which whole neighrbourhoods get their water dry up because it diverted to new water fountains to mesmerize the visitors.